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Which other programming languages apart from Python and predecessor are out there using indentation to define code blocks?

Why are there so many programming languages?How are programming languages and foundations of mathematics related?Are there peer-reviewed papers studying the pros and cons of functional programming?Are there specific rules for programming languages applicable to Quantum Computers?Why are Python 2 and 3 so incompatible with each other?Why are some programming languages Turing complete but lack some abilities of other languages?Are there programs that can 'translate' source code between any two languages?Is there a correspondence between the syntaxes and the type systems of programming languages?In programming languages, generally we do not distinguish relations and functions. Is there a better way to deal with these two concepts?Are there any programming languages which support user defined control structures?

4

1

$begingroup$

Python quite famously uses indentation to syntactically define blocks of code. (See Compound statements in the Python Language Reference). After years of using Python I'm still intrigued by and very fond of this syntax feature.

But I wonder: Apart from Python and its "predecessor"(*) language ABC which other programming languages are out there using indentation for definition of code blocks? Code blocks means here "multiple statements which in some way are treated as one component".

I'm particularly interested in practical programming languages, but esoteric languages might be worth mentioning as well.

---

(*): "Predecessor" is my choice of word in default of knowing here a better one. Guido van Rossum, the creator of Python, described the relationship between Python and ABC regarding indentation in an interview like this: "The choice of indentation for grouping was not a novel concept in Python; I inherited this from ABC."

programming-languages python syntax

share|cite|improve this question

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

New contributor

halloleo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  3
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  I don't think "please give me a list of programming languages with feature X" is a computer science question.
  $endgroup$
  – David Richerby
  5 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Honestly, I would just replace the word "predecessor" with "ABC." You only mean the one specific language by it, and that ABC inspired Python's whitespace rules is probably not widely known.
  $endgroup$
  – jpmc26
  5 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Why, there's the Whitespace language itself that requires proper indentation for it's core method of expression.
  $endgroup$
  – penguin359
  2 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Long-form YAML is probably worth mentioning even though it's not a programming language in the strictest sense, as it's probably one of the next most likely languages with this feature for someone to encounter after Python.
  $endgroup$
  – Austin Hemmelgarn
  1 hour ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

4

1

$begingroup$

Python quite famously uses indentation to syntactically define blocks of code. (See Compound statements in the Python Language Reference). After years of using Python I'm still intrigued by and very fond of this syntax feature.

But I wonder: Apart from Python and its "predecessor"(*) language ABC which other programming languages are out there using indentation for definition of code blocks? Code blocks means here "multiple statements which in some way are treated as one component".

I'm particularly interested in practical programming languages, but esoteric languages might be worth mentioning as well.

---

(*): "Predecessor" is my choice of word in default of knowing here a better one. Guido van Rossum, the creator of Python, described the relationship between Python and ABC regarding indentation in an interview like this: "The choice of indentation for grouping was not a novel concept in Python; I inherited this from ABC."

programming-languages python syntax

share|cite|improve this question

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

New contributor

halloleo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  3
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  I don't think "please give me a list of programming languages with feature X" is a computer science question.
  $endgroup$
  – David Richerby
  5 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Honestly, I would just replace the word "predecessor" with "ABC." You only mean the one specific language by it, and that ABC inspired Python's whitespace rules is probably not widely known.
  $endgroup$
  – jpmc26
  5 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Why, there's the Whitespace language itself that requires proper indentation for it's core method of expression.
  $endgroup$
  – penguin359
  2 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Long-form YAML is probably worth mentioning even though it's not a programming language in the strictest sense, as it's probably one of the next most likely languages with this feature for someone to encounter after Python.
  $endgroup$
  – Austin Hemmelgarn
  1 hour ago
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

Python quite famously uses indentation to syntactically define blocks of code. (See Compound statements in the Python Language Reference). After years of using Python I'm still intrigued by and very fond of this syntax feature.

But I wonder: Apart from Python and its "predecessor"(*) language ABC which other programming languages are out there using indentation for definition of code blocks? Code blocks means here "multiple statements which in some way are treated as one component".

I'm particularly interested in practical programming languages, but esoteric languages might be worth mentioning as well.

---

(*): "Predecessor" is my choice of word in default of knowing here a better one. Guido van Rossum, the creator of Python, described the relationship between Python and ABC regarding indentation in an interview like this: "The choice of indentation for grouping was not a novel concept in Python; I inherited this from ABC."

programming-languages python syntax

share|cite|improve this question

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

New contributor

halloleo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this question

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

New contributor

halloleo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

share|cite|improve this question

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

New contributor

halloleo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

New contributor

halloleo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

asked 9 hours ago

halloleohalloleo

1301

2 Answers
2

active

oldest

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9

$begingroup$

Wikipedia has an extensive list of languages that use the off-side rule¹:

• ABC


• Boo


• BuddyScript


• Cobra


• CoffeeScript


• Converge


• Curry


• Elixir (, do: blocks)


• Elm


• F# (if #light "off" is not specified)


• Genie


• Haskell (only for where, let, do, or case ... of clauses when braces are omitted)


• Inform 7


• ISWIM, the abstract language that introduced the rule


• LiveScript


• Miranda


• Nemerle


• Nim


• occam


• PROMAL


• Python


• Scheme, when using e.g. SRFI 119


• Spin


• XL

_{1: I've never heard this term before myself.}

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

8

$begingroup$

There are: Elm, Haskell, its predecessor Miranda and its predecessor ISWIM,
YAML where spaces are crucial for syntax and tabs are forbidden, OCCAM, Coffee script and Cokescript both are language to language compilers with JavaScript as target and esoteric Whitespaces.

There is also Agda - interactive theorem prover, which is probably not what you had in mind, but its lexer is very sensitive to white-space.
Makefile, which gathers targets with tab-based intends.

share|cite|improve this answer

edited 6 hours ago

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Also Miranda, the language Haskell was based on.
  $endgroup$
  – kne
  9 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Agda has a very Haskell-like syntax, and is sensitive to both indentation and spaces: (x-y) is not (x - y)) even if it might not be "practical" enough for the OP.
  $endgroup$
  – chi
  7 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Also, CoffeeScript and the hardly-known CokeScript
  $endgroup$
  – Bergi
  6 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  2
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  If YAML counts, then I suppose Makefiles must as well
  $endgroup$
  – Izkata
  6 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  There is also PureScript.
  $endgroup$
  – duplode
  4 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

 | 
show 4 more comments

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9

$begingroup$

Wikipedia has an extensive list of languages that use the off-side rule¹:

• ABC


• Boo


• BuddyScript


• Cobra


• CoffeeScript


• Converge


• Curry


• Elixir (, do: blocks)


• Elm


• F# (if #light "off" is not specified)


• Genie


• Haskell (only for where, let, do, or case ... of clauses when braces are omitted)


• Inform 7


• ISWIM, the abstract language that introduced the rule


• LiveScript


• Miranda


• Nemerle


• Nim


• occam


• PROMAL


• Python


• Scheme, when using e.g. SRFI 119


• Spin


• XL

_{1: I've never heard this term before myself.}

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

9

$begingroup$

Wikipedia has an extensive list of languages that use the off-side rule¹:

• ABC


• Boo


• BuddyScript


• Cobra


• CoffeeScript


• Converge


• Curry


• Elixir (, do: blocks)


• Elm


• F# (if #light "off" is not specified)


• Genie


• Haskell (only for where, let, do, or case ... of clauses when braces are omitted)


• Inform 7


• ISWIM, the abstract language that introduced the rule


• LiveScript


• Miranda


• Nemerle


• Nim


• occam


• PROMAL


• Python


• Scheme, when using e.g. SRFI 119


• Spin


• XL

_{1: I've never heard this term before myself.}

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

Wikipedia has an extensive list of languages that use the off-side rule¹:

• ABC


• Boo


• BuddyScript


• Cobra


• CoffeeScript


• Converge


• Curry


• Elixir (, do: blocks)


• Elm


• F# (if #light "off" is not specified)


• Genie


• Haskell (only for where, let, do, or case ... of clauses when braces are omitted)


• Inform 7


• ISWIM, the abstract language that introduced the rule


• LiveScript


• Miranda


• Nemerle


• Nim


• occam


• PROMAL


• Python


• Scheme, when using e.g. SRFI 119


• Spin


• XL

_{1: I've never heard this term before myself.}

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this answer

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

answered 6 hours ago

BergiBergi

435210

8

$begingroup$

There are: Elm, Haskell, its predecessor Miranda and its predecessor ISWIM,
YAML where spaces are crucial for syntax and tabs are forbidden, OCCAM, Coffee script and Cokescript both are language to language compilers with JavaScript as target and esoteric Whitespaces.

There is also Agda - interactive theorem prover, which is probably not what you had in mind, but its lexer is very sensitive to white-space.
Makefile, which gathers targets with tab-based intends.

share|cite|improve this answer

edited 6 hours ago

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Also Miranda, the language Haskell was based on.
  $endgroup$
  – kne
  9 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Agda has a very Haskell-like syntax, and is sensitive to both indentation and spaces: (x-y) is not (x - y)) even if it might not be "practical" enough for the OP.
  $endgroup$
  – chi
  7 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Also, CoffeeScript and the hardly-known CokeScript
  $endgroup$
  – Bergi
  6 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  2
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  If YAML counts, then I suppose Makefiles must as well
  $endgroup$
  – Izkata
  6 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  There is also PureScript.
  $endgroup$
  – duplode
  4 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

 | 
show 4 more comments

8

$begingroup$

There are: Elm, Haskell, its predecessor Miranda and its predecessor ISWIM,
YAML where spaces are crucial for syntax and tabs are forbidden, OCCAM, Coffee script and Cokescript both are language to language compilers with JavaScript as target and esoteric Whitespaces.

There is also Agda - interactive theorem prover, which is probably not what you had in mind, but its lexer is very sensitive to white-space.
Makefile, which gathers targets with tab-based intends.

share|cite|improve this answer

edited 6 hours ago

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446

$endgroup$

• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Also Miranda, the language Haskell was based on.
  $endgroup$
  – kne
  9 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Agda has a very Haskell-like syntax, and is sensitive to both indentation and spaces: (x-y) is not (x - y)) even if it might not be "practical" enough for the OP.
  $endgroup$
  – chi
  7 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  Also, CoffeeScript and the hardly-known CokeScript
  $endgroup$
  – Bergi
  6 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  2
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  If YAML counts, then I suppose Makefiles must as well
  $endgroup$
  – Izkata
  6 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  1
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  $begingroup$
  There is also PureScript.
  $endgroup$
  – duplode
  4 hours ago
  

  
  
  
  

 | 
show 4 more comments

$begingroup$

There are: Elm, Haskell, its predecessor Miranda and its predecessor ISWIM,
YAML where spaces are crucial for syntax and tabs are forbidden, OCCAM, Coffee script and Cokescript both are language to language compilers with JavaScript as target and esoteric Whitespaces.

There is also Agda - interactive theorem prover, which is probably not what you had in mind, but its lexer is very sensitive to white-space.
Makefile, which gathers targets with tab-based intends.

share|cite|improve this answer

edited 6 hours ago

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446

$endgroup$

share|cite|improve this answer

edited 6 hours ago

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446

answered 9 hours ago

EvilEvil

8,34242446